Adhesive compositions and method of application

ABSTRACT

An aqueous dispersion adhesive composition for preventing sliding or riding up of stacked packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard comprising an aqueous dispersion containing from 3 percent to 60 percent by weight based on the total composition, of an adhesive dispersible in water with surface-active agents selected from the group consisting of paraffins having a melting point range between 40* C to 100* C, polyalkylenes having from two to eight carbon atoms in the alkylene and average molecular weights of between 2,000 and 25,000, and mixtures thereof, and the method of preventing sliding or riding up of packaged articles which comprises interspersing between said packaged articles, a layer of said aqueous dispersion adhesive composition.

United States Patent 1191 Sebel 1 ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION [76} Inventor: Hans-Georg Sebel, Dusseldorf,

Germany [22] Filed: June 25, I971 [21] Appl. No.: 156,954

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data June 27, 1970 Germany P 20 31 8814 [52] US. Cl 156/289, 156/306, 156/334,

161/164,l61/l67,'16l/250,161/406 [51] Int. Cl B32b 31/00 [58] Field of Search 156/334, 327, 276, 156/289, 306, 278; 260/296 X; 106/271,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,598,677 8/1971 Bergmeister et al 156/334 X 1 Aug. 28, 1973 Primary Examiner-Wi1liam J. Van Balen Attorney-Hammond & Littell 571 Y ABSTRACT An aqueous dispersion adhesive composition for preventing sliding or riding up of stacked packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard comprising an aqueous dispersion containing from 3 percent to 60 percent by weight based on the total composition, of an adhesive dispersible in water with surface-active agents selected from the group consisting of paraffins having a melting point range between 40 C to 100 C, polyalkylenes having from two to eight carbon atoms in the alkylene and average molecular weights of between 2,000 and 25,000, and mixtures thereof, and the method of preventing sliding or riding up of packaged articles which comprises interspersing between said packaged articles, a layer of said aqueous dispersion adhesive composition.

7 Claims, No Drawings ADHESIVE COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF APPLICATION THE PRIOR ART It is known to prevent the sliding of packing materials during transport on flat pallets or during storage by inserting adhesive between the surfaces of the packages which are in contact. Aqueous alkali metal silicate solutions, rubber or natural resin dispersions and plasticized polymerisate dispersions can be used as adhesives, which have a film formation temperature of not more than C. These adhesives are generally provided with relatively large amounts of fillers.

All these products, however, show disadvantages in use. In particular, the adhesive power of most of the products is too high, especially with respect to packages with a small surface strength, so that the packing tears and is damaged when taking down the pile. Moreover, in the case of packages filled with warm to hot material, the necessity to provide a good connection separable without damage to the surface is often not attained. This is especially true for polyvinyl acetate dispersions. Further, most substances containing fillers leave considerable residues on the surfaces of the packing material, so that the packages are unsightly and printed instructions thereon may become unreadable.

Furthermore, on emptying the packages, the contents thereof may consequently be contaminated by brittle, crumbling deposits. In regard to technical use, the previously known compositions also have the disadvantage that their consistency, their pot life and their setting speed are not capable of sufficient variation of adjustment.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is the obtention of an aqueous dispersion adhesive composition for preventing sliding or riding up of packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard; the properties of which may be varied within wide limits to give optimum properties with a great variety of different surfaces of packing materials.

Another object of the invention is the obtention of an aqueous dispersion adhesive composition for preventing sliding or riding up of stacked packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard.

comprising an aqueous dispersion containing from 3 percent to 60 percent by weight based on the total composition, of an adhesive dispersible in water with surface-active agents selected from the group consisting of paraffins having a melting point range between 40? C to 100 C, polyalkylenes having from two to eight carbon atoms in the alkylene and average molecular weights of between 2,000 and 25,000, and mixtures thereof.

A further object of the invention is the development 'ple,

eight carbon atoms in the alkylene and average molecular weights of between 2,000 and 25,000 and mixtures thereof.

These and other objects of the inventionn will become more apparent as the description thereof pr0- ceeds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the invention there is provided an aqueous colloidal adhesive composition for preventing sliding or riding up of packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard during transport or storage comprising an aqueous dispersion adhesive composition.

The adhesive according to the present invention comprise an aqueous dispersion of a paraffin and/or a polyalkylene in which the alkylene residue contain from two to eight carbon atoms. Polyethylene and polypropylene dispersions are specially suitable.

The paraffin and/or polyalkylene may also be replaced even up to a considerable extent by a wax.

The paraffins used are those with a melting point which falls within the range 40 C to over 100 C, preferably between C and 85 C. The polyalkylenes, preferably polyethylene, used have average molecular weights of 2,000 to 25,000, preferably 15,000 to 20,000. The paraffins and/or polyalkylenes should be dispersible in water with surface-active agents employed in amounts sufficient to effect the dispersion. The usual non-ionic or anionic emulsifying agents serve for the preparation of the dispersions, such as for examfatty alcohol polyethyleneglycol or polypropyleneglycol ethers or their sulfation products. The quantity of the dispersed paraffins and/or polyalkylenes in the adhesive amounts to 3 percent to 60 percent by weight, preferably 5 percent to 40 percent by weight, based on the total adhesive composition.

According to a preferred form of the invention, the adhesives may contain, in addition, aqueous dispersions of polymerizates and/or modified natural resins and/or natural or synthetic rubbers. The polymerizates used may be, for example, commercial dispersions of polyvinyl lower alkyl ethers, such as polyvinyl isobutyl ether; polyvinyl alkanoic acid esters such as polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylates; which if desired are also extern'ally plasticized; or copolymerizates thereof. Suitable modified natural resins are, for example, hydrogenated of a method for preventing the sliding or riding up of packaged articles having coverings of paper, cardboard or pasteboard during transport and storage, which comprises interspersing between said packaged articles, a layer of from 25 gm/m to 500 gm/m' of an aqueous dispersion adhesive composition containing from 3 percent to percent by weight based on the total composition, of an adhesive dispersible in water with colophony resin esters, for example of glycerine. The

the adhesives may amount to 1 percent to 25 percent by weight, preferably 1 percent to 10 percent by weight, based on the total adhesive composition.

Further, it is specially advantageous to add watersoluble natural or synthetic macromolecular or colloidal substances to the adhesives according to the invention. For example, xanthan gum or a water-soluble cellulose ether, and also water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol may be used. Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide which is built up essentially from glucose, mannose, the potassium salt of glucuronic acid and acetyl groups in the approximate molar proportion of 2 l l I, and also contains a subordinate amount of pyroracemic acid. The preparation of xanthan gum is known and is obtained by the action of the strain of bacterial Xamhomas campestris on aqueous solutions of glucose or starch [see Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering, Vol. III, No. 1 (1961), pp. 51-63]. Suitable water-soluble cellulose ethers are methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. The proportion of organic colloids should be about 0.1 percent to 3.0 percent, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 percent by weight, based on the total adhesive composition. The said substances act as thickeners among other things.

Finally, the adhesives according to the invention advantageously contain in addition inorganic thickeners or fillers. For example, bentonite or very finely dispersed silicic acid may be used as inorganic thickeners. The quantities of inorganic thickeners used are from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 1 to percent in dots or strips on the surfaces to be treated by means of so-called continuous jet devices. Preferably, the ad-- hesive compositions of the invention are applied in amounts of from 25 gm/m to 500 gm/m.

S The adhesives according to the invention are effective immediately after the packages are placed on the pile. After a very short time an initial adhesion able to withstand great stress is already attained. After drying the adhesive film and the surface of the packing material, the bond can be separated again when the pile is dismantled without the packing being thereby damaged.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples which are by weight, based on the total adhesive composition. not to be deemed hmitative In order to protect the adhesives against bacterial breakdown, known preservatives may be added to EXAMPLES them. Those which are used here are principally those which are compatible with the adhesive components The examples are included in the following Table i. and the other additives. For example, formalin or form- 0 the first eohhhh of the Table the number ofthe aldehyde, phenolic preservatives such as pentachloroample ls The t four eohhhhs desenbe the phenolates, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, which are on components of e e' The hhxtures were made the market under a variety of names, are suitable. up to 100 Parts whh Water each case The preparation of the adhesives according to the in- The Seeehd eehhhh Elves the Parts y Welght of h vention is effected by stirring together the components P f dlspet'sloh used 55 P e aqueous e until a homogenous emulsion is formed. In the case Persloh as as the hleltlhg P degrees Cehtl' where water-soluble macromolecular substances or ingrade of h Parafilh dlspersedorganic thickeners are co-employed, these are first dis- [h the thlfd column the Parts by weight and the Pe solved or dispersed in a suitable quantity of water and eehthge sehds e t of the aqueous P y y h h f h components are added persions are given, and also the average molecular The adhesives according to the invention may be weight of the dispersed P y y used during the stacking of substances packed in paper The fourth eohhhh gives the additions of further or cardboard which during transport, loading or storgenie dispersions y PartS y weight and the percent of age must not be allowed to ride up, slide off or shift solids content of these dispersionswith respect to one another. The adhesives according I the fif h l mn the con n f org nic macromoto the invention are used with particular advantage for lecular substances or inorganic thickeners is given. The safe stacking of shipping cartons of corrugated or viscosity of the organic colloids was measured accordstraight cardboard, paper bags, and bundles wrapped ing to Brookfield in a 2 percent aqueous solution at 20 with paper or cardboard covering and the like. They C may also be used for packing substances with delicate The preparation of the adhesives was carried out by or sensitive surfaces. They are used with special advanfirst dissolving or satisfactorily dispersing the organic tage in cases in which a rapid fixation of the packages macromolecular substances and the inorganic thickenis necessary. ers by stirring into a sufficient quantity of water The adhesives according to the invention may be apadapted to the formulation. The paraffin and/or polyplied by brushing or spreading on or by spraying, for ethylene dispersion then, if desired the additions of furexample by means of pencils, brushes or rollers, coverther organic dispersions, as well as the residual amount ing the whole surface or only selected areas on the of water, were homogenously incorporated, while stirpackage surfaces which come in contact. It has been ring, in this batch. In each case 0.3 percent of formalfound especially suitable to apply them bymeans of jets dehyde (35 percent) was added as a preservative.

' Tania I Paraffin dispersion Polyethylene dispersion Further aqueous dispersions Further additives Melting Percent Molec- Percent Example Percent point, Percent solids ulsr Percent solids Percent number weight weight content weight weight Substance content weight Substance of 95 50/52 5 Polyvinyl isobutylether 57/60 20 Polyvinyl acetate 53 50/52 5 Glycerine ester of hydro- 50 genated colophony. 15 60/52 35 56 16, 000

Natural rubber Polyvinyl isobutylether 0. 5 Xanthan gum 2, 500

0.8 Hydroxypropyl 2, 000

cellulose.

O. 9 Hydroxypropyi 6,000

cellulose.

1. 1 Ammonium polyacrylate.

0.7 Xanthan gum 2, 500

TABLE l- (ontinued Pa affi di siori 557 Polyethylene dispersion Further aqueous dispersions F th a difw ll 9! l S Melting Percent Molec- Percent Example Percent point, Percent solids ular Percent solids Percent w number weight 0. weight content weight weight Substance content weight aubstance :1

14 20 50/52 Polyvinyl acetate 50 1.5 Hydlrglxypropyl 2, C01) ce 059. 50/52 2 Polyvinyl isobutylether... 55 0.5 Xanthan gum .2, 500 16 20 57/60 0.8 H glrgfoygpropyl 2,500 1.0 Finely-dispersed 200 Y silicle acid. 17 30 67/60 5.0 Bentonite Packing materials of paper (bags,) cartons, which 7 338 82 were partly printed and partly not printed, were coated g NK 5 40 in spots and strips with the adhesives. A good initial ad- 15 9 :2 8-2 hesion was observed. The packages were largely pro- LK 280 tected against riding up, but the piles could be dismane l0 NK Le 300 0.4 tled again without damage to the surfaces. H 3: For the Examples 1 to 17, the shearing strength 1,9 230 0:55 (kp/cm), the peeling strength (gm/l 0 cm and the co- 20 12 18 cfficient of friction of the adhesive compositions as apn NK 1 m 1 plied to paper were measured. I4 For the measurements, paper was used as conven- LK tionally applied for the manufacturing of paper bags. 15 Two types of paper were employed, one was a soda I6 NK 140 draft paper of 70 gm/m the other was a wet-strength 7 LK 2.9 I20 0 S kraft paper of 73 gm/m. The latter was slightly 1 8:2 crimped. For the examination, each time so much of the adhesive agent was applied vgith a sizing comb so EXAMPLE 18 that an average coat of 100 gm/m was attained. Subsequently the papers were Stacked above each other, Strips of the adhesive composition of Examples 1 to namely, a treated one on an untreated one and loaded 17 of 15 width were applied'lengihwise to the with a brick so that an average pressure of 15 gm/cm f 5 3 of paper b with Powdered P was attained. After storing for 24 hours at a room temig 33% an g P f f f applied pekrature of about 23 to 25 C, the measurements were zpg g 3:2; l gg gni 2:12:23: 52:? 325 0 2222 ta en.

For the examination of the shearing strength the pag a 2:3? The 3? bagsbwere stacked s a etize ers I in e a er a s were receive ple rs were pulled apart in a conventional tearing matheir original 35 z z y g g between C me. For the examination of the peeling strength, the pa- 40 tgz i gs were readly Separated wlthout tearmg of hine a g f gz ts z z i ggz mac The preceding specific embodiments are illustrative i y F f d th t th of the practice of the invention. It is to be understood, u 3? Q o i i a th 8 however, thatv other expedients known to those skilled Pu 6 a .papers f S ac e one i ve e 0 er in the art may be employed without departing from the and the friction coefficient was determined with a load spirit of the invention or the scope of the a ended of 20 gm/cm and a moving speed of 10 cm per minute. claims pp in the following Table II, the first column gives the con- 1 claim slacutive i of the example; s :F i I 1. in a method for preventing the sliding or riding up gwes the of (NK a r t f of packages articles having coverings of paper, cardwet Strong Shghfly cnmpeg kra t papenhlandt e 01- board or pasteboard during transport and storage iz l f gg 522 i 5 gg fi g ig ggt which comprises applying a layerof adhesive material cient of fgictiong g g to the surfaces of packaged articles, drying the layer i and placing the packaged articles in contact, the improvement which comprises utilizing as said adhesive TABLE II material, a layer of from 25 gm/m to 500 gm/m of an C m t aqueous dispersion adhesive composition containing Exam Shea, p i gg f gl from 3 to percent by weight based on the total comle 1:3 P" sg Strength (Peeler! position, of an adhesive dispersible in water with sur- 1 o Q P $6 cm gi 60 face-active agents selected from the group consisting of LK 2.0 160 0.55 paraffins having a melting point range between 40 to 2 a: $8 8:; C, polyalkylenes having from two to eight carbon 3 NK 29 220 0,4 7 atoms in the alkylene and average molecular weights of 4 -g :88 8-1}; between 2,000 and 25,000 and mixtures thereof.

LK 1:3 50 65 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the improvement 5 $8 8: further comprises separating the packaged articles 6 NK 180 without damaging the surfaces.

LK 3.3 0.5 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive disbers, and mixtures thereof.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive composition has a further content of from 0.1 to 3 percent by weight based on the total composition, of a watersoluble macromolecular substance.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive composition has a further content of from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight based on the total composition, of an inorganic thickener. 

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the improvement further comprises separating the packaged articles without damaging the surfaces.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive dispersible in water is polyethylene having an average molecular weight of from 15,000 to 20,000.
 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said dispersion contains from 5 to 40 percent by weight of said polyethylene.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive composition has a further content of from 1 to 25 percent by weight based on the total composition, of a modifier additive dispersible in water with surface-active agents selected from the group consisting of polymerizates, modified natural resins, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and mixtures thereof.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesive composition has a further content of from 0.1 to 3 percent by weight based on the total composition, of a water-soluble macromolecular substance.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said adhesiVe composition has a further content of from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight based on the total composition, of an inorganic thickener. 